Research

Dr. Sagar R. Helode has done Ph.D entilted   ”A  STUDY OF NARCISSISM IN RELATION TO PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AMONG MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS” in clinical psychology under Dr. B. Hasan  (Reader, School of studies in psychology, Pt.R.S.U. Raipur (C.G)). The research showed that the old concept of term Narcissism  as personality disorder as included in 1980 3rd edition of the American psychiatric association’s diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-III). The DSM (IV) described narcissistic  personality as  possessing grandiose sense of self importance. The research show different view as the conclusion on statistical finding are reported.

The Conclusions Their Orientations

The results of the statistical findings reported above led to the following inferences

(A) Distribution oriented

1.  Narcissism as a psychological trait has been evidently found to be normally distributed among the male and female college students and thereby provided empirical acceptance of hypothesis

(B)  Difference oriented

2.  The sex difference between the male and female college/university students in the narcissism scores has been found statistically significant in that male college students exhibited greater magnitude of narcissism than the female college students and thereby provided empirical acceptance of hypothesis

(C) Relation Oriented  

3.  The L-scale scores have shown their significant negative correlation with narcissism scores and thus nullification of the influence of a tendency to tell a lie upon narcissism through statistical methods has been justified.

4.  Narcissism showed significant positive correlation with extraversion among both male and female college students without and with nullifying the influence of lie scores and thereby provided empirical confirmation to the first segment of hypothesis

5.  Narcissism exhibited insignificant negative correlation with neuroticism among both male and female college students without and with nullifying the influence of tendency to tell a lie and thus provided empirical rejection to the first segment of hypothesis

6.  Narcissism revealed significant positive correlation with psychoticism among both the male and female college students and thereby provided empirical acceptance of the first segment of hypothesis

(D)   Main effect- oriented

7.  The main effect of sex upon narcissism under 2-2-2-2(fixed model) analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) Before and after nullifying the influence of fie scale scores respectively turned out to be statistically significant and thereby rendered empirical confirmation to hypothesis (I-2) that male college students showed greater magnitude of narcissism than the female college students.

8.  The main effect of extraversion upon narcissism under (2) (fixed model) ANOVA and ANOCOVA before and after nullifying the influence of a tendency to tell a lie respectively found to be statistically significant and thereby provided empirical acceptance to the second segment of hypothesis (I-3) that extraverted college students showed significantly more degree of narcissism than the introverted college students

9.  The main effect of neuroticism upon narcissism under (2) 4 (fixed model) ANOVA and ANOCOVA without and with nullifying the influence of lie scale scores respectively turned out to be statistically insignificant and thereby provided empirical rejection to the second segment of hypothesis

10.  The main effect of psychoticism upon narcissism under (2)4 (fixed model) ANOVA and ANOCOVA before and after nullifying the influence of lie scale scores respectively turned out to be statistically significant and thereby rendered empirical confirmation to second segment of hypothesis (I-5) that college students with high psychoticism exhibited significantly more magnitude of narcissism than the college students with low psychoticism

(E) Two-factor interaction effect-oriented

11.  The two-factor joint – action effect of(sex) x (Extraversion)upon narcissism has been seen to be statistically significant in that extraverted male college students exhibited significantly greater magnitude of narcissism than the introverted female college students under both the ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and thereby hypothesis (I-6) received empirical acceptance

12.  The two-factor interaction effect of (sex)x (Neuroticism)upon narcissism has been seen to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and thereby hypothesis (I-7) has been empirically rejected

13.  The two-factor interaction effect of (sex)x (psychoticism)upon narcissism has been found to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and thereby hypothesis (I-8)received an empirical rejection

14.  The two-factor interaction effect of (Extraversion)x(Neuroticism) upon narcissism has been noticed to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and thereby hypothesis (I-9) received empirical rejection.

15.  The two-factor interaction effect of (Extraversion)x(psychoticism)upon narcissism has been seen to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and hence hypothesis (I-10) has been empirically rejected.

16.  The two-factor interaction effect of (Neuroticism) x (Psychoticism)upon narcissism has been revealed to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA treatments and as such hypothesis (I-11) received empirical rejection.

(F)  Three-factor interaction effect-oriented

17.  The interaction effect of (sex) x (Extraversion) x (Neuroticism) upon narcissism under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA conditions turned out to be statistically insignificant and there by hypothesis (I-12) received empirical rejection.

18.  The interaction effect of (sex) x (Extraversion) x (psychoticism) upon narcissism under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA conditions did not reach statistical significance and as such hypothesis (I-13) stood rejected.

19.  The interaction effect of (sex) x (Neuroticism) x (psychoticism) upon narcissism under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA conditions turned out to be statistically insignificant and as such hypothesis (I-14) received empirical rejection

20-The interaction effect of (Extraversion) x (Neuroticism) x (psychoticism ) upon narcissism under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA situations did not show statistical significance and thereby hypothesis (I-15) stood empirically rejected.

(G) Four-factor interaction effect-oriented

21-The interaction effect of (sex) x (Extraversion) x (Neuroticism) x (psychoticism) upon narcissism under ANOVA and ANOCOVA situations did not reach the level of statistical significance and thereby hypothesis (I-16) received an empirical rejection.

(H)  Exploration-oriented

22-  The main effect of educational faculty upon narcissism has been found to be statistically significant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA situations in that the students of engineering faculty exhibited the highest degree of narcissism second position went to the students of agriculture faculty third position has been occupied by the students of commerce faculty the fourth position went to the students of science faculty the fifth position has been occupied by the students of medical faculty and the last position was secured by the students of social science faculty so far as the magnitude of narcissism is concerned and thereby rendered an empirical confirmation to hypothesis (II-1)

23-  The explored interaction effect of (sex) x (Educational faculty ) upon narcissism has been found to be statistically insignificant under both ANOVA and ANOCOVA situations and thereby hypothesis (II-2) received an empirical rejection.

(I)  Theory – oriented

24- The Eysenckian personality model seems to provide a theoretical base for explaining the variance existing in narcissism however if a serious cognizance is taken of the emerging socio-psyschobiological model for understanding the psychometric construct of narcissism in its correct perspectives the further research and therapeutic applications can best be pursued under the banner of positive psychology in this context.